Normalization reduces redundancy and update anomalies.

• A. Normalization reduces redundancy and update anomalies.
• B. Normalization increases data redundancy.
• C. Normalization eliminates the need for data dictionaries.
• D. Normalization automatically eliminates all constraints.

Answer: (A)

Reducing redundancy and preventing update anomalies are fundamental goals of normalization. By structuring data into related, smaller tables and using keys to connect them, each fact is stored in one place. This means updating a piece of information happens in a single location, so inconsistencies created by duplicated data (update anomalies) are avoided. That’s why normalization is described as reducing redundancy and update anomalies.

The other statements don’t fit because normalization does not increase data redundancy; it actively reduces it. It also doesn’t remove the need for a data dictionary, which describes the structure and meaning of data regardless of normalization. And normalization doesn’t automatically eliminate all constraints; some constraints require explicit enforcement beyond the normalization process itself.